They are accused of surveilling US military facilities in the area, allegedly with the intention of disrupting NATO logistical support to Ukraine.
Germany has charged three men with plotting attacks on US military bases on behalf of the Kremlin.
The German-Russian nationals, identified only as Dieter S., Alexander J. and Alex D. stand accused of working for a foreign intelligence agency.
Dieter S., has also been charged with acting as a sabotage agent and conspiracy to cause an explosion and arson.
The men were formally arraigned on December 9 in the Munich Higher Regional Court, according to the federal prosecutor's office.
Dieter S. is accused of having first started working with Russian intelligence while serving as a member of the breakaway Donetsk People's Republic in 2014.
He and Alexander J. were originally arrested in April in Bayreuth, about 20 miles northwest of Tower Barracks in Grafenwoehr.
They were picked up after reportedly surveilling US military facilities in the area, allegedly with the intention of disrupting NATO logistical support to Ukraine.
The Tower Barracks are part of the "Bavaria" United States Army Garrison (USAG), which also has facilities in Vilseck, Hohenfels and Garmisch.
Grafenwoehr is also home to the largest NATO training area in Europe, and has been used to instruct Ukrainian soldiers in combined-arms manoeuvres.
Prosectors allege that Dieter S. provided his Russia handler with potential targets for sabotage attacks as early as October 2023.
He is said to have passed on images of military transports and goods, as well as allegedly saying he was ready to carry out the attacks.
According to prosecutors, he was then joined by both Alexander J. and Alex D. in March of this year.
The charges come amid reports that Russia developed offensive plans targeting civilian and military sites in Japan and South Korea in the event of a war with NATO.
The leaked plans were drawn up between 2008 and 2014 and used to train military officers for a potential conflict on Russia's eastern flank.
They were analysed by the Financial Times and are reportedly still considered "relevant to Russian strategy" today.
Military targets identified in the plans include the central and regional command headquarters of the Japanese and South Korean armed forces, radar installations, air bases, and naval facilities.
Civilian infrastructure targets include roads, bridges, and rail tunnels, as well as a nuclear power plant in Tokai, Japan.
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