Diego Simeone's side dropped further ground in the title race after an enthralling six-goal thriller with Getafe.
Greenwood joined Getafe on a season-long loan deal in August after Manchester United decided against reintegrating him into their first team.
After 18 months without an appearance, Greenwood has taken time to get back up to speed.
But he reserved his best performance of the season against Atletico on Tuesday.
Getafe scored in the 93rd minute to earn a draw and though Griezmann was frustrated with his team-mates, he was full of praise for Greenwood.
'Mason Greenwood was really causing us problems in the second half,' said Griezmann.
'We couldn't stop him, and it cost us the game.'
Greenwood is set to return to Old Trafford next summer when his loan expires at Getafe.
The Spaniards are keen on signing Greenwood on a permanent basis, but they'll face competition from across Europe.
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